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1999 NOBEL PRIZE FOR PHYSICS: The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded the 1999 Nobel Prize for Physics to two Dutch physicists who created the mathematical foundations of the Standard Model of particle physics. The award went to:

Professor Gerardus 't Hooft, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands, and Professor Emeritus Martinus J.G. Veltman, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.

The Academy stated: "The two researchers are being awarded the Nobel Prize for having placed particle physics theory on a firmer mathematical foundation. They have in particular shown how the theory may be used for precise calculations of physical quantities. Experiments at accelerator laboratories in Europe and the USA have recently confirmed many of the calculated results.

The Academy's citation: "for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics."

Recommended reading:

Gauge Theories of the Forces between Elementary Particles by Gerard 't Hooft, Scientific American, June 1980, p. 90.

The Higgs boson by Martinus J.G. Veltman, Scientific American, November 1986, p.88.

Copyright 1999 by the Particle Data Group